Why we fast
Fasting is not a hunger strike aimed at heaven, and it is not a way to earn God's attention. It is what people in the Bible did when they were drawing close to God, seeking his will, and depending on him instead of themselves.
Jesus said when you fast, not if (Matthew 6:16-18). He assumed his followers would, and he fasted forty days himself (Matthew 4:1-4). At the same time, the New Testament never commands fasting. That matters: this month is an invitation, not a law. Nobody is more saved for skipping lunch, and nobody is less saved for eating it. We fast because we love God and want more of him, never to check a box or impress anyone.
When John's disciples asked why Jesus' followers did not fast, he answered that wedding guests do not mourn while the bridegroom is with them, "but the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast" (Matthew 9:15). We live in that time. We fast not because we have never tasted Christ, but because we have, and we long for more of his presence and power among us until he returns.
The early church fasted together. Antioch fasted before sending out Barnabas and Saul (Acts 13:1-3); Paul and Barnabas fasted when appointing elders (Acts 14:23). So a church calling a shared fast is thoroughly biblical, and joining in gladly is one way we carry the work together with joy rather than grief (Hebrews 13:17). But participation is a free, glad choice, and someone who cannot fast from food is not failing; they simply choose a different kind of fast.
Reasons people fasted in Scripture
- Repentance
- Nineveh fasted and God relented (Jonah 3:5-10); Saul fasted three days after meeting Jesus (Acts 9:9); "return to me with fasting" (Joel 2:12).
- Drawing near to God
- Moses fasted forty days in God's presence (Exodus 34:28); Anna worshiped with fasting and prayer (Luke 2:37).
- Seeking God's will
- Antioch fasted before sending missionaries (Acts 13:2-3); elders were appointed with fasting (Acts 14:23).
- Deliverance and protection
- Daniel pleaded for Israel (Daniel 9:3); Ezra sought safe travel (Ezra 8:21-23); Esther before facing the king (Esther 4:16).
- For other people
- David humbled himself with fasting for the sick, even his enemies (Psalm 35:13); Nehemiah wept and fasted for Jerusalem (Nehemiah 1:4).
- Justice and mercy
- God rejected fasts that ignored the hungry and homeless; the fast he chooses loosens chains and shares bread (Isaiah 58:3-8).
The fast God does not want
Isaiah 58 and Zechariah 7:5-6 describe people who fasted faithfully and still missed God: they fasted for themselves, quarreled while they did it, and ignored the poor at their door. Jesus warned against fasting to be seen (Matthew 6:16) and told of a Pharisee proud of fasting twice a week (Luke 18:12). The test of a good fast is not how hungry you got but whether you came out humbler, more prayerful, and more generous.